A experiência do método canguru vivenciada pelas mães em uma maternidade pública de Maceió/Al Brasil / The experience of kangaroo mother care method by mothers in a public maternity home in Maceió / Al, Brazil

Resumen:

Introducción: el método canguro (MC) se define como un tipo de cuidado neonatal que involucra el contacto temprano piel con piel entre la madre y el recién nacido de bajo peso, de forma creciente, de manera que ambos sientan que es placentero y efectivo y permitiendo así una mayor participación de los padres en el cuidado de su recién nacido (1). El método se menciona como una es- trategia para aumentar la lactancia materna, la confianza en el cuidado del hijo y promover el establecimiento de vínculos y apego (2,3).Objetivo: relatar la experiencia vivida por las madres en un programa de método canguro en una maternidad pública.Método: estudio de campo descriptivo y exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, que incluye la entrevista de 10 madres con niños en tratamiento en el método canguro, utilizando un cuestionario previamente preparado y entrevistas grabadas para el registro de los datos.Resultados: se constata que el sentimiento predominante referido por las madres en el método canguro es la felicidad, destacando la mejora en la relación de afecto entre madre e hijo. Las madres expresan que no tienen suficiente conocimiento acerca de la im- portancia real del método canguro, resultando evidente la falta de conocimiento sobre el mismo. Por lo tanto, parece que, de acuerdo con los informes de las madres sobre lo que ha cambiado después de la experiencia en el método canguro, hay una mejora en la re- lación entre madre e hijo.Conclusión: las madres con niños en tratamiento en el método canguro no son conscientes de la importancia real del método y su contribución a la reducción de la tasa de mortalidad infantil.

Can carbohydrate mouth rinse improve performance during exercise? A systematic review.

The purpose of this review was to identify studies that have investigated the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse on exercise performance, and to quantify the overall mean difference of this type of manipulation across the studies. The main mechanisms involving the potential benefit of CHO mouth rinse on performance was also explored. A systematic review was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), without limit of searches. Eleven studies were classified as appropriate and their results were summarized and compared. In nine of them, CHO mouth rinse increased the performance (range from 1.50% to 11.59%) during moderate- to high-intensity exercise (~75% Wmax or 65% VO2max, ~1 h duration). A statistical analysis to quantify the individual and overall mean differences was performed in seven of the 11 eligible studies that reported power output (watts, W) as the main performance outcome. The overall mean difference was calculated using a random-effect model that accounts for true variation in effects occurring in each study, as well as random error within a single study. The overall effect of CHO mouth rinse on performance was significant (mean difference=5.05 W, 95% CI 0.90 to 9.2 W, z=2.39, p=0.02) but there was a large heterogeneity between the studies (I2=52%). An activation of the oral receptors and consequently brain areas involved with reward (insula/operculum frontal, orbitofrontal cortex, and striatum) is suggested as a possible physiological mechanism responsible for the improved performance with CHO mouth rinse. However, this positive effect seems to be accentuated when muscle and liver glycogen stores are reduced, possibly due to a greater sensitivity of the oral receptors, and require further investigation. Differences in duration of fasting before the trial, duration of mouth rinse, type of activity, exercise protocols, and sample size may account for the large variability between the studies.